Chickens, Pigs, and Sheep: The Livestock That Sailed on Clipper Ships

“You don’t know how odd it seems of a morning,” a passenger aboard the clipper Flying Cloud wrote home, “when comfortably seated in my rocking chair on deck – when gazing over the broad ocean, to hear roosters crowing, hens cackling, turkeys gobbling, pigs grunting, and lambs bleating.” There was, she added, “an immense amount of livestock on board.” Sailors and passengers together numbered seventy-eight: “quite a village.”

It is one of the most charming details of Age of Sail history – and one almost no ship model ever shows.

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How to Copper a Model Ship’s Hull (and the Mistakes to Avoid)

Few finishes transform a model the way a coppered hull does. Done well, it catches the light like the real thing; done poorly, it can undo months of careful work. Coppering also happens to be one of the most approachable advanced techniques in the hobby – it rewards patience far more than it demands special talent. Here is a practical overview of how it is done, and the handful of mistakes worth avoiding.

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